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Know your endoscope
The module covers:
Different parts of an endoscope in general
Picture 1: Olympus endoscope: Courtesy Olympus
In general it consists of
The control section- the wheel
Picture 2 : Pentax: the Control section with wheels and valves and remote picture control buttons
The valves
Picture 6: The valves:Courtesy Pentax
Top red suction valve when pressed sucks water/air through the tip of the scope. This channel is connected to the accessory/biopsy channel. So if biopsy cap is missing you will not get any suction.
Bottom blue air/water valve has got a hole in it. When you switch on the air/water pump air hisses out of this valve all the time. Silence will tell you the pump is not on. Covering the central hole will blow air through the tip of the scope and inflate the lumen. Pressing the valve fully down on the other hand washes the lens with water.
The grip section- the ID of the scope
Picture 7: Grip section of Pentax scopes
Picture 8: Grip section of Olympus scopes
On Olympus scopes the writing are GIF Gastrosintestinal scope CF= colonoscope PCF= Paediatric colonoscope TJF= Therapeutic jejunoscope ( Duodenoscope) ( where F stands for fibreoptic scopes)
Colour coding means – Orange=therapeutic Yellow = Normal Blue=Paediatric
Picture 9: Twin channel therapeutic scope with two accessory ports is very useful in patients with GI bleed.
Normal gastroscope tip is usually 10mm, paediatric gastroscope is 5mm- channel diameter 2.8mm and in paediatric is 2.0mm. Remember the therapeutic scope tips are thicker and sometime it would not take a banding barrel ( eg six shooter) and you will have to use a normal gastroscope.
The tip of the endoscope
Picture 10: Insertion tube and the tip of the scope:Courtesy Pentax
Picture 11: 7 things at tip! :Courtesy Pentax
The connection to the processor- for PENTAX
Universal cord (umbilical cord or light guide connector) going to the processor. The expanded end ( called the PVE connector/the light guide section) contains
Picture 12: The Light guide section of a Pentax endoscope( Looking from the left)-
Additional forward water jet connector inlet port ( few nurses/doctors know about it- advantage is when there is an accessory in the biopsy channel you can easily wash without having to remove the accessory)- next to the fingers (which allows connection of special irrigation tube for spray of water to endoscopically visualized object)
Air/water inlet port to connect tube from water bottle assembly) ,
Venting connector (This port accepts the leak tester)- below the Air/water inlet port and
Light guide – the long metal prong on the left
The soaking cap in the picture above is covering the electrical pins which conveys the picture from the tip back to the video processor.
Picture 12a: The electrical head
Picture 13: Different water source: Courtesy Pentax
Picture 14: Looking at the PVE end from the right side:
First metal point ( top left) is Feedback connector( to attach earthing cable in case of interference in old style diathermy unit- never seen being at present- Olympus equivalent is S-cord mount ),
Suction port,
Venting connector- below the suction nozzle ( for leak testing)and
Light guide ( carries light from light source to the tip of the scope) respectively.
That’s how it looks after being connected to the video processor/light source. Remember for Pentax the video processor and the light source are housed in the same box ( unlike Olympus)
Picture 15: Connection of a Pentax endoscope: Water bottle needs to be filled to proper level
The connection to the processor- for OLYMPUS
Picture 16:The PVE end
Water/ air tube attachment ports ( left hand side- two separate prongs unlike Pentax and no additional water source port unlike Pentax)
On top there is the S-mount- ( to attach earthing cable in case of interference in old style diathermy unit- never seen being at present- Pentax equivalent of feedback connector)
On the right side is the suction port
The soaking cap on the right side is covering the electrical pins – unlike Pentax it goes to the video processor box ( which is a separate box on top of the light source box) via a curly cable with a cap
Note the venting port is part of the soaking cap- needed for leak testing ( in Pentax venting port is situated on the under surface of the PVE)
The two prongs ( light guide – long one and air pipe – short one) shown below goes to the bottom box- i.e. light source
Picture 17: The light guide connector section in a Olympus scope: Courtesy Olympus
Picture 18: The light guide connector section in a Olympus scope :Note the electrical connector does not go directly to the processor but attaches to the top light source box via a curly cable with a cap ( hand holding the cap)
The internal channels:
Picture 19: The diagram showing the internal channels: Courtesy Pentax
It is important to understand the internal channels.
Here is the link for Parts of an endoscope video:
Acknowledgement/Bibliography:
Product guides of the respective companies- Pentax and Olympus
Article printed from Gastroenterology Education and CPD for trainees and specialists: https://www.gastrotraining.com